Tony Garnier

Tony Garnier (1869-1948) took over and transformed the Garden City principles in his “Cite Industrielle” between 1901 and 1917. Reinforced concrete would be the most used material and zoning would be employed to separate industry from the home, and like Howard, railways would link the two with trade centres. He also used the idea of planting trees alongside houses to separate them from traffic and industry. Some flat-roofed, rectangular apartment buildings on a larger scale would be built, and walkways provided alongside each building so pedestrians could filter across the city which would be like a big park free of fences to impede movement. The plan was conceived for an industrial city of 35000 inhabitants. Wright used his technique of planning using a grid as this was the most practical way of laying out the city. The geometrical shapes in Wright’s work can be seen in Garnier’s city plan and the designs for his buildings also. Although this was a theoretical plan of a city and was never built, some of Garnier’s ideas became a reality in a new district on the outskirts of Lyon- his hometown in France.